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The research approach employed in the present study is intended as a more direct, analytical and inclusive one than previous approaches to this question. It is more direct in that it set off by docume

This study analyzes the term dhammakāya through close readings of Pali canonical passages, revealing that it relates not only to the Buddha but also to other noble figures like Paccakabuddhas and disc

In a few passages, however, Sāriputta also refers to the term dhammakāya in the sense of the Buddha’s teaching.150 On the whole, traditional Theravādins interpret the term dhammakāya mostly in the se

This passage examines the term 'dhammakāya' as interpreted in traditional Theravāda Buddhism. It discusses the general view of dhammakāya as reflecting the qualities of the Buddha and the spiritual re

This project is in accordance with the national emphasis on the protection and development of religious culture in minority areas.3 Most of the Dai Buddhist manuscripts in Sipsong Panna are made from

This project aligns with the national focus on protecting religious culture in minority areas, specifically the Dai community in Yunnan. Research has identified more than 400 Dai Buddhist manuscripts,

III The Problem of the Imminent Extinction of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna Buddhism in Sipsong Panna is characterised by its manuscript culture. However, today the number of the palm-leaf m

This text discusses the worrying decline of palm-leaf manuscripts in Sipsong Panna, where Buddhist manuscript culture is rich but facing imminent extinction. Key reasons include the autonomous nature

donate palm-leaf scriptures as an act of merit and such donations appear less frequently in the sacred dantam (贽坦) or offering ceremony. Donors prefer to donate Buddhist scriptures printed using mod

This text discusses the decline in donations of traditional palm-leaf scriptures in favor of more accessible and readable texts printed on Chinese and sa-paper. Reasons include cost, legibility, and t

An Shigao and Early Chinese Meditation Techniques¹ Phra Kiattisak Kittipanyo² (University of Otago) An Shigao安世高 (147~168 CE) played an important role in the early transmission of Buddhism into China

An Shigao (147-168 CE) significantly influenced the early transmission of Buddhism in China. Despite a focus on his ethnicity and translation style, he is recognized as a respected meditation master.

In this paper I explore the connections between An Shigao and the introduction of the Indian Buddhist meditation technique of mindfulness breathing meditation, or ānāpānasmṛti, into Eastern Han China.

This paper examines An Shigao's role in introducing the Indian mindfulness breathing meditation technique, ānāpānasmṛti, into Eastern Han China. The phrase「息中具有四大。 而心在中」suggests that the mind should f

From Sengyou’s CSZJJ, we learn that there are two Anban[shouyi] jing sutras which were translated by An Shigao:37 安般守意經一卷 安錄云：『小安般經』。（CSZJJ p.5c 23: “corresponding to a Smaller Anban jing” 大安般經一卷（CSZJ

This content examines An Shigao's translations of Anban sutras, highlighting the distinctions between the Present Da Anban shouyi jing and the Kongo-ji Anban shouyi jing. The text discusses the integr

Thus, the phrase 『息中具有四大。心在中』 can be interpreted as: "the mind should be located at the centre of the body while breathing (in and out)." The precise position of the centre of the body where the mind

This text examines the phrase 'the mind should be located at the center of the body while breathing in and out.' It references the teachings of PhraMongkolthepmuni regarding the center's location abov

Conclusion In conclusion, in this paper I have reviewed An Shigao's career as a meditation master and a translator of Buddhist texts. Based on his translations of meditation sutras I have argued that

In this conclusion, I highlight An Shigao's significant contributions as a meditation master and translator of Buddhist texts. His translation of meditation sutras introduced mindfulness breathing med

The SAT Daizōkyō Text Database Committee. “出三藏記集 (No. 2145 (僧祐提)) in Vol. 55.” Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō (大正新修大藏經), March 17, 1998. http://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT/ddb-sat2.php?mode=detail&useid=2145,_

This collection includes significant Buddhist texts and studies, such as the Mahāyāna Buddhism foundations by Paul Williams and insights into early Chinese Buddhism by Erik Zürcher. Scholarly works di

among Buddhists, is a story of the Buddha from Dusit realm, who visited the earth as Siddhata, the royal son of King Suddhothana and Queen Maya. The most quoted story of Buddhism concerns goddess M

The text narrates the story of the Buddha's earthly life as Siddhata, son of King Suddhothana and Queen Maya, and the roles of the goddess Mekkhala and the Bodhisatta. It depicts the themes of moralit

' Neither is there any other world, nor are there beings reborn otherwise than from parents, nor is there fruit or result of deeds well done or ill done.' Now the brahmins and householders of Setavya

ในขณะที่ Master Kassapa, ศิษย์ของ Wanderer Gotama อยู่ที่ Setavya พร้อมด้วย bhikkhus ประมาณห้าร้อยคน ชาวบ้านและบราแมนได้ยินชื่อเสียงของเขาและออกมาสัมภาษณ์เขา พวกเขาเชื่อว่า Arahants อย่างเขานั้นดีในกา

"Even so, Prince, have you, silly and unintelligent, sought after another world. Renounce, Prince, this evil set of opinions. Let them not involve you for long in bale and sorrow !' 22. 'Even though

In this text, a prince named Payasi is confronted by Master Kassapa regarding his beliefs that deny the existence of an afterlife and the consequences of one's actions. Despite Kassapa's urging, Payas

This Life Next Life In anger thereat will I keep to it. In guile will I keep to it. In self-respect will I keep to it!! 27. 'Well then, Prince, I will give you a smile, for it is by way of a smile t

This text recounts a fable involving two gamesters engaged in a game with dice. The first gambler swallows every adverse die, while the second deceives him by using poisoned dice. This tale serves to

78 10 To keep the robes down. 11 Vyavala. This became almost a technical term in connexion with largesse. It is literally 'hindered'; but when the things to be given were too limited as compar

This text explores the term 'Vyavala' which became a technical term associated with the concept of largesse. It reflects on how limited resources lead to some applicants being overlooked, in a practic

(คาถาที่ 6 ของบทที่ 16) ธรรมาธูปรวงศ์ จ ปราณบุรี ยาส ตานุตตร ยอดธรรมาวุธ สตูป คมภิรึ สรุปธิวิตี้ ฯ ตตรร จ สตูปมุขเฏียํ สมุน ป(ศยด ศากายมุนี ชิน อิทิ ปรากฏคนตํ มโนช เณจ สุวรรณ จ) (Thomas 1916d: 114) ค

บทนี้กล่าวถึงการเข้าสู่ธรรมชาติที่แท้จริงและการเห็นพระพุทธเจ้าในรูปแบบของรูปปั้นทองคำ ซึ่งเป็นการหยุดยั้งความโลภ โกรธ และหลง โดยการสัมผัสประสบการณ์ภายในที่เกิดจากการปฏิบัติทางจิต การบรรยายนี้เกี่ยวข้อ

Bailey, H. W. 1979. *Dictionary of Khotan Saka*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Banerjee, Anukul Chandra. 1979. *Sarvästivāda literature*. Calcutta: The World Press Private Limited. Batchelor,

This collection features important works and studies related to Buddhist literature and manuscripts, covering a range of topics including the Khotan Saka dictionary, Sarvästivāda literature, and the s

Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. 2007. "Early Buddhism in China: Daoist Reactions." In A. Heirman and S. P. Bumbacher, eds., *The spread of Buddhism*, pp. 203-246. Leiden: Brill. Chandawimala, Rangama. 2013.

This compilation examines significant scholarly works on early Buddhism, including Stephan Bumbacher's study of Daoist reactions to Buddhism in China, and Rangama Chandawimala's analysis of the Abhaya

Kandy: Buddhist publication Society. Dietz, Siglinde. 2007. "Buddhism in Gandhāra." In A. Heirman and S. P. Bumbacher, eds., *The spread of Buddhism*, pp. 49-74. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. Dutt, Nali

This text includes references to significant works in Buddhist studies, highlighting publications and manuscripts that explore the spread of Buddhism, such as Dias's study on Gandhāra and Dutt's Gilgi